Aug 1, 2023 · The NOT or complement operator ( ~ ) and negative binary numbers can be confusing. ~2 = -3 because you use the formula ~x = -x - 1 The bitwise complement of a decimal number is the negation of the number minus 1. NOTE: just using 4 bits here for the examples below but in reality PHP uses 32 bits. Select and Filter Data From a MySQL Database. The WHERE clause is used to filter records. The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition. SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ». PHP include vs. require. The require statement is also used to include a file into the PHP code. However, there is one big difference between include and require; when a file is included with the include statement and PHP cannot find it, the script will continue to execute:PHP (Hypertext Processor) is a general-purpose scripting language and interpreter that is freely available and widely used for web development. The language is used primarily for server-side scripting, although it can also be used for command-line scripting and, to a limited degree, desktop applications. The acronym PHP was originally derived ...MySQL is a database system used on the web. MySQL is a database system that runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications. MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. MySQL uses standard SQL. MySQL compiles on a number of platforms. MySQL is free to download and use. MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by ...PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites9 hours ago · September 7, 2023 at 12:47 p.m. EDT. Rep. James Comer (R-Ky.), left, speaks to a reporter after a vote on Capitol Hill earlier this year. (Haiyun Jiang for The Washington Post) 7 min. There are a ... Comparison Operators. Comparison operators, as their name implies, allow you to compare two values. You may also be interested in viewing the type comparison tables, as they show examples of various type related comparisons. Michael Shashoua. PHP is a programming language used to script websites that are dynamic and interactive. You’ll find it in various types of web applications, from e-commerce websites to CRM systems like HubSpot and Salesforce. The term PHP stands for PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. Originally, the “PHP” within the acronym stood for Personal ...PHP-GTK related documentation is hosted on the PHP-GTK website. Documentation of PEAR and the various packages can be found on a separate server. You can still read a copy of the original PHP/FI 2.0 Manual on our site, which we only host for historical purposes. The same applies to the PHP 3 Manual .Jul 24, 2023 · A file with the PHP file extension is a PHP source code file that contains Hypertext Preprocessor code. They are often used as web page files that generate HTML from a PHP engine running on a web server. The HTML content that the PHP engine creates from the code is what's seen in the web browser. Since the web server is where the PHP code is ... Type Operators. An operator is something that takes one or more values (or expressions, in programming jargon) and yields another value (so that the construction itself becomes an expression). Operators can be grouped according to the number of values they take.Example Get your own PHP Server. When the user fills out the form above and clicks the submit button, the form data is sent for processing to a PHP file named "welcome.php". The form data is sent with the HTTP POST method. To display the submitted data you could simply echo all the variables. The "welcome.php" looks like this:PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ».I've just picked 2 files and put them in my source PHP root . class.phpmailer.php class.smtp.php. In PHP, the file needs to be added . require_once('class.smtp.php'); require_once('class.phpmailer.php'); After this, it's just code: require_once('class.smtp.php'); require_once('class.phpmailer.php'); ...PHP include vs. require. The require statement is also used to include a file into the PHP code. However, there is one big difference between include and require; when a file is included with the include statement and PHP cannot find it, the script will continue to execute:PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ».<?php function array_identical ($a, $b) {return (is_array ($a) && is_array ($b) && array_diff_assoc ($a, $b) === array_diff_assoc ($b, $a));}?> Example: <?php $a = array (2, 1); $b = array (1, 2); // true === array_equal($a, $b); // false === array_identical($a, $b); $a = array ('a' => 2, 'b' => 1); $b = array ('b' => 1, 'a' => 2);Dec 6, 2021 · 10 Best PHP Books to Help You Learn PHP. Best PHP Books. The Joy of PHP Programming: A Beginner’s Guide – by Alan Forbes. PHP & MySQL Novice to Ninja – by Kevin Yank. Head First PHP & MySQL – by Lynn Beighley & Michael Morrison. PHP: A Beginner’s Guide – by Vikram Vaswani. Murach’s PHP & MySQL – by Joel Murach & Ray Harris. Dec 8, 2021 · 7 Min Read. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is known as a general-purpose scripting language that can be utilized to create intuitive and dynamic websites. It was among the pioneer server-side language that can be integrated into HTML, making it easier to include functionality to web pages without requiring to call external data. W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more.Sep 10, 2015 · I don't want to include b.php file into a.php, On a.php file i have submit the form and after submit i want to trigger b.php file because b.php is a cron file. So basically i want to run b.php file whenever a.php file form get submitted. and i want to do this by cli command in php 0.01 7649551 US Dollars. 1 USD = 56.6587 PHP. We use the mid-market rate for our Converter. This is for informational purposes only. You won’t receive this rate when sending money. Login to view send rates. Philippine Peso to US Dollar conversion — Last updated Sep 3, 2023, 08:11 UTC.PHP Resource. The special resource type is not an actual data type. It is the storing of a reference to functions and resources external to PHP. A common example of using the resource data type is a database call. We will not talk about the resource type here, since it is an advanced topic.Nick Schäferhoff. Our PHP cheat sheet aims to help anyone trying to get proficient in or improve their knowledge of PHP. The programming language is among the most popular in web development. It’s in the heart of WordPress, the world’s most popular CMS, and also forms the base of other platforms like Joomla and Drupal.A file with the PHP file extension is a PHP source code file that contains Hypertext Preprocessor code. They are often used as web page files that generate HTML from a PHP engine running on a web server. The HTML content that the PHP engine creates from the code is what's seen in the web browser. Since the web server is where the PHP code is ...PHP is a general-purpose scripting language widely used as a server-side language for creating dynamic web pages. Though its reputation is mixed, PHP is still extremely popular and is used in over 75% of all websites where the server-side programming language is known.Aug 1, 2023 · worth reading for people learning about php and programming: (adding extras <?php ?> to get highlighted code) about the following example in this page manual: Example#1 Logical operators illustrated W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more.Description ¶. $_SERVER is an array containing information such as headers, paths, and script locations. The entries in this array are created by the web server, therefore there is no guarantee that every web server will provide any of these; servers may omit some, or provide others not listed here. However, most of these variables are ...Aug 1, 2023 · PHP 8.1.23 Released! Getting Started Introduction A simple tutorial Language Reference Basic syntax Types Variables Constants Expressions Operators Control Structures Aug 1, 2023 · FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Installation. Configuration. Installation of PECL extensions. Introduction to PECL Installations. Downloading PECL extensions. Installing a PHP extension on Windows. Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command. Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize. Abstract classes and methods are when the parent class has a named method, but need its child class (es) to fill out the tasks. An abstract class is a class that contains at least one abstract method. An abstract method is a method that is declared, but not implemented in the code. An abstract class or method is defined with the abstract keyword:Example Get your own PHP Server. When the user fills out the form above and clicks the submit button, the form data is sent for processing to a PHP file named "welcome.php". The form data is sent with the HTTP POST method. To display the submitted data you could simply echo all the variables. The "welcome.php" looks like this:Aug 1, 2023 · PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. Aug 1, 2023 · FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Installation. Configuration. Installation of PECL extensions. Introduction to PECL Installations. Downloading PECL extensions. Installing a PHP extension on Windows. Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command. Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize. لغة PHP (والتي هي اختصارٌ تعاودي للعبارة PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) هي لغةٌ مفتوحة المصدر شائعة الاستخدام لها مجال استخدامٍ عامٍ لكنها تناسب تطوير الويب ودمج لغة HTML معها. الذي يُميّز PHP عن الشيفرات التي ... PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as possible. PHP Syntax is C-Like. Common Uses of PHP PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open, read, write, and close them. The other uses of PHP are: PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, thru email you Mar 30, 2023 · D. Dharmendra_Kumar. Read. Discuss. Courses. Full form of PHP is Hypertext Preprocessor and earlier it was abbreviated as Personal Home Page. It is a general-purpose programming language used to design a website or web application. It is the server-side scripting language embedded with HTML to develop Static website, Dynamic website, or Web ... Call 662-680-2636. Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHP) were treatment programs originally developed to help people struggling with mental illness. Initially called “day hospitals,” these programs were designed in the 1960s to help those who needed an intensive level of psychiatric care but who would also benefit from living in the larger ...PHP User Defined Functions. Besides the built-in PHP functions, it is possible to create your own functions. A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program. A function will not execute automatically when a page loads. A function will be executed by a call to the function.If you have permission to SSH into the remote server, use the command line to check the installed PHP version. This method is also useful for checking the PHP version installed locally. 1. Type the PHP command: php -v. 2. The php -v command works on Linux, macOS, Windows, and other supported systems. Its output contains the PHP version number ...New details of the previously reported incident underscore how dependent the U.S. government has become on a company that once had to fight in court to become part of the Washington establishment.PHP.B, a neurotropic variant of AAV9, is better than AAV9 at gaining access to the CNS of C57BL/6J mice following IV injection but fails to reach the CNS of BALB/cJ mice. These results were surprising because in vivo transduction of AAV serotypes generally tracks between strains of mice.PHP 8.1.23 Released! Getting Started Introduction A simple tutorial Language Reference Basic syntax Types Variables Constants Expressions Operators Control StructuresSep 28, 2020 · A PHP framework is a platform to create PHP web applications. PHP frameworks provide code libraries for commonly used functions, cutting down on the amount of original code you need to write. There are many good reasons for using PHP frameworks as opposed to coding from scratch. Because PHP frameworks have built-in libraries and tools, the time ... Sep 4, 2023 · 0.01 7649551 US Dollars. 1 USD = 56.6587 PHP. We use the mid-market rate for our Converter. This is for informational purposes only. You won’t receive this rate when sending money. Login to view send rates. Philippine Peso to US Dollar conversion — Last updated Sep 3, 2023, 08:11 UTC. Improvements for PHP tools. The latest release comes with numerous improvements around PHP tooling, such as support for baseline in PHP_CodeSniffer, support for Laravel Pint, more use cases covered for generics in PHP, support for assertions, and much more. Discover All New Features.Aug 1, 2023 · The NOT or complement operator ( ~ ) and negative binary numbers can be confusing. ~2 = -3 because you use the formula ~x = -x - 1 The bitwise complement of a decimal number is the negation of the number minus 1. NOTE: just using 4 bits here for the examples below but in reality PHP uses 32 bits. PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.10 · Changelog · Upgrading.The user friendly PHP online compiler that allows you to Write PHP code and run it online. The PHP text editor also supports taking input from the user and standard libraries. Click on the URL button, Enter URL and Submit. This tool supports loading the PHP File to beautify. Click on the Upload button and select File. It beautify pure PHP framework file such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, YII, CakePHP, Symfony and many more one file at a time. PHP Source Code Beautifier Online works well on Windows, MAC, Linux, Chrome ...If you have permission to SSH into the remote server, use the command line to check the installed PHP version. This method is also useful for checking the PHP version installed locally. 1. Type the PHP command: php -v. 2. The php -v command works on Linux, macOS, Windows, and other supported systems. Its output contains the PHP version number ...Dec 16, 2022 · PHP provides us with two major types of functions: Built-in functions : PHP provides us with huge collection of built-in library functions. These functions are already coded and stored in form of functions. To use those we just need to call them as per our requirement like, var_dump, fopen (), print_r (), gettype () and so on. Definition and Usage The <b> tag specifies bold text without any extra importance. Tips and Notes Note: According to the HTML5 specification, the <b> tag should be used as a LAST resort when no other tag is more appropriate. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language widely used as a server-side language for creating dynamic web pages. Though its reputation is mixed, PHP is still extremely popular and is used in over 75% of all websites where the server-side programming language is known.Click on the Advanced system settings link in the left column. From the System Properties window, click on the Advanced tab, and then click on the Environment Variables button at the bottom. Select the Path variable from the System Variables section, and then click on Edit. Add: c:\php to your system path.If you have permission to SSH into the remote server, use the command line to check the installed PHP version. This method is also useful for checking the PHP version installed locally. 1. Type the PHP command: php -v. 2. The php -v command works on Linux, macOS, Windows, and other supported systems. Its output contains the PHP version number ...PHP Resource. The special resource type is not an actual data type. It is the storing of a reference to functions and resources external to PHP. A common example of using the resource data type is a database call. We will not talk about the resource type here, since it is an advanced topic.Basic PHP Syntax A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>: <?php // PHP code goes here ?> The default file extension for PHP files is " .php ". A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as possible. PHP Syntax is C-Like. Common Uses of PHP PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open, read, write, and close them. The other uses of PHP are: PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, thru email you PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server. PHP can collect form data. PHP can send and receive cookies. PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database. PHP can be used to control user-access. PHP can encrypt data. With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images or PDF files.Jun 25, 2021 · The structure which defines PHP computer language is called PHP syntax. The PHP script is executed on the server and the HTML result is sent to the browser. It can normally have HTML and PHP tags. PHP or Hypertext Preprocessor is a widely used open-source general-purpose scripting language and can be embedded with HTML. W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more.لغة PHP (والتي هي اختصارٌ تعاودي للعبارة PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) هي لغةٌ مفتوحة المصدر شائعة الاستخدام لها مجال استخدامٍ عامٍ لكنها تناسب تطوير الويب ودمج لغة HTML معها. الذي يُميّز PHP عن الشيفرات التي ...Specifies the number of decimal digits to round to. Default is 0. mode. Optional. Specifies a constant to specify the rounding mode: PHP_ROUND_HALF_UP - Default. Rounds number up to precision decimal, when it is half way there. Rounds 1.5 to 2 and -1.5 to -2. PHP_ROUND_HALF_DOWN - Round number down to precision decimal places, when it is half ...PHP.B, a neurotropic variant of AAV9, is better than AAV9 at gaining access to the CNS of C57BL/6J mice following IV injection but fails to reach the CNS of BALB/cJ mice. These results were surprising because in vivo transduction of AAV serotypes generally tracks between strains of mice.PHP User Defined Functions. Besides the built-in PHP functions, it is possible to create your own functions. A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program. A function will not execute automatically when a page loads. A function will be executed by a call to the function. PHP also supports two composite (non-scalar) types: arrays and objects. Each of these value types can be assigned into variables or returned from functions. PHP takes expressions much further, in the same way many other languages do. PHP is an expression-oriented language, in the sense that almost everything is an expression.Aug 1, 2023 · $b = (true || foo()); $c = (false and foo()); $d = (true or foo()); // -------------------- // "||" has a greater precedence than "or" // The result of the expression (false || true) is assigned to $e // Acts like: ($e = (false || true)) $e = false || true; // The constant false is assigned to $f before the "or" operation occurs Definition and Usage The <b> tag specifies bold text without any extra importance. Tips and Notes Note: According to the HTML5 specification, the <b> tag should be used as a LAST resort when no other tag is more appropriate. Of the adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), AAV9 is known for its capability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and can, therefore, be used as a noninvasive method to target the central nervous system. Furthermore, the addition of the peptide PhP.B to AAV9 increases its transduction across the BBB by 40-fold. Another neurotropic serotype, AAV5, has been shown as a gene therapeutic delivery ...Mar 27, 2021 · I've just picked 2 files and put them in my source PHP root . class.phpmailer.php class.smtp.php. In PHP, the file needs to be added . require_once('class.smtp.php'); require_once('class.phpmailer.php'); After this, it's just code: require_once('class.smtp.php'); require_once('class.phpmailer.php'); ... PHP Constants. A constant is an identifier (name) for a simple value. The value cannot be changed during the script. A valid constant name starts with a letter or underscore (no $ sign before the constant name). Note: Unlike variables, constants are automatically global across the entire script. A PHP framework is a platform to create PHP web applications. PHP frameworks provide code libraries for commonly used functions, cutting down on the amount of original code you need to write. There are many good reasons for using PHP frameworks as opposed to coding from scratch. Because PHP frameworks have built-in libraries and tools, the time ...PHP Operators. Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. PHP divides the operators in the following groups: Arithmetic operators. Assignment operators. Comparison operators. Increment/Decrement operators. Logical operators. String operators.لغة PHP (والتي هي اختصارٌ تعاودي للعبارة PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) هي لغةٌ مفتوحة المصدر شائعة الاستخدام لها مجال استخدامٍ عامٍ لكنها تناسب تطوير الويب ودمج لغة HTML معها. الذي يُميّز PHP عن الشيفرات التي ... What is: PHP. Tweet. PHP is a programming and scripting language to create dynamic interactive websites. WordPress is written using PHP as the scripting language. Just like WordPress, PHP is also open source. PHP is a server side language, which means that it runs on your web hosting server. Whenever someone visits your website, their browser ...Click on the URL button, Enter URL and Submit. This tool supports loading the PHP File to beautify. Click on the Upload button and select File. It beautify pure PHP framework file such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, YII, CakePHP, Symfony and many more one file at a time. PHP Source Code Beautifier Online works well on Windows, MAC, Linux, Chrome ... What is: PHP. Tweet. PHP is a programming and scripting language to create dynamic interactive websites. WordPress is written using PHP as the scripting language. Just like WordPress, PHP is also open source. PHP is a server side language, which means that it runs on your web hosting server. Whenever someone visits your website, their browser ...To change the PHP settings, open your User or Workspace Settings ( ⌘, (Windows, Linux Ctrl+,)) and type 'php' to filter the list of available settings. To set the PHP executable path, select the Edit in settings.json link under PHP > Validate: Executable Path, which will open your user settings.json file. <?php function array_identical ($a, $b) {return (is_array ($a) && is_array ($b) && array_diff_assoc ($a, $b) === array_diff_assoc ($b, $a));}?> Example: <?php $a = array (2, 1); $b = array (1, 2); // true === array_equal($a, $b); // false === array_identical($a, $b); $a = array ('a' => 2, 'b' => 1); $b = array ('b' => 1, 'a' => 2);W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more.Definition and Usage. The strstr () function searches for the first occurrence of a string inside another string. Note: This function is binary-safe. Note: This function is case-sensitive. For a case-insensitive search, use stristr () function.PHP-GTK related documentation is hosted on the PHP-GTK website. Documentation of PEAR and the various packages can be found on a separate server. You can still read a copy of the original PHP/FI 2.0 Manual on our site, which we only host for historical purposes. The same applies to the PHP 3 Manual .A full textual representation of the day of the week. Sunday through Saturday. "month". A full textual representation of a month, such as January or March. January through December. 0. Seconds since the Unix Epoch, similar to the values returned by time () and used by date () . System Dependent, typically -2147483648 through 2147483647 .
This PHP tutorial, whether you’re a beginner or a professional, our tutorial is designed to provide you with in-depth knowledge of the PHP scripting language. With our PHP tutorial, you’ll learn all the important topics, including control statements, functions, arrays, strings, file handling, form handling, regular expressions, date and .... Just wingit erome
PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor". PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and ...PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.Description ¶. $_SERVER is an array containing information such as headers, paths, and script locations. The entries in this array are created by the web server, therefore there is no guarantee that every web server will provide any of these; servers may omit some, or provide others not listed here. However, most of these variables are ...Mar 4, 2010 · 7. AND operation: & -> will do the bitwise AND operation , it just doing operation based on the bit values. && -> It will do logical AND operation. It is just the check the values is true or false. Based on the boolean value , it will evaluation the expression. Share. Improve this answer. Aug 1, 2023 · PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. PHP Operators. Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. PHP divides the operators in the following groups: Arithmetic operators. Assignment operators. Comparison operators. Increment/Decrement operators. Logical operators. String operators.Here we would like to show the very basics of PHP in a short, simple tutorial. This text only deals with dynamic web page creation with PHP, though PHP is not only capable of creating web pages. See the section titled What can PHP do for more information. PHP-enabled web pages are treated just like regular HTML pages and you can create and edit ...PHP.B, a neurotropic variant of AAV9, is better than AAV9 at gaining access to the CNS of C57BL/6J mice following IV injection but fails to reach the CNS of BALB/cJ mice. These results were surprising because in vivo transduction of AAV serotypes generally tracks between strains of mice.New details of the previously reported incident underscore how dependent the U.S. government has become on a company that once had to fight in court to become part of the Washington establishment.Click on the URL button, Enter URL and Submit. This tool supports loading the PHP File to beautify. Click on the Upload button and select File. It beautify pure PHP framework file such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, YII, CakePHP, Symfony and many more one file at a time. PHP Source Code Beautifier Online works well on Windows, MAC, Linux, Chrome ...Jun 25, 2021 · The structure which defines PHP computer language is called PHP syntax. The PHP script is executed on the server and the HTML result is sent to the browser. It can normally have HTML and PHP tags. PHP or Hypertext Preprocessor is a widely used open-source general-purpose scripting language and can be embedded with HTML. W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more.PHP Constants. A constant is an identifier (name) for a simple value. The value cannot be changed during the script. A valid constant name starts with a letter or underscore (no $ sign before the constant name). Note: Unlike variables, constants are automatically global across the entire script.Description ¶. $_SERVER is an array containing information such as headers, paths, and script locations. The entries in this array are created by the web server, therefore there is no guarantee that every web server will provide any of these; servers may omit some, or provide others not listed here. However, most of these variables are ....